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Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) Physics and Program Information

The Secretary of Energy Advisory Board(SEAB) Task Force on Fusion Energy review of the U. S. fusion program noted that "A necessary next major scientific step is the exploration of the physics of a burning plasma. At the present time only the tokamak is sufficiently advanced as to assure the necessary confinement in such an experiment." The National Research Council Assessment of Fusion Science(FuSAC) Interim Report identified several critical unresolved fusion science issues: (1) turbulence and transport, (2) energy density limits and (3) integrated physics of self-heated plasmas. The goal of FIRE is to address the critical scientific issues of a magnetically confined fusion plasma identified by SEAB and FuSAC within the next decade using the most cost-effective approach. Success in FIRE would serve as a "Stepping Stone" to provide the scientific foundation needed for an attractive fusion energy source as envisioned by the Advanced Reactor Innovation Evaluation Study (ARIES) . FIRE welcomes your input on the Next Major Step in Magnetic Fusion Research. If you are interested in setting up a FIRE discussion session, please send email to dmeade@pppl.gov.

• Possible Strategies for a Broadened Fast Track Approach to Fusion Energy - D. Meade, presented at SOFE 2005. October 10, 2005
• Implications of Recent Physics Advances for the Design and Operation of Burning Plasma Experiments such as ITER and FIRE D. Meade and FIRE Team, presented at SOFE 2005. October 10, 2005
• Simulation and Analysis of the Hybrid Operating Mode in ITER, C. Kessel et al, presented at SOFE 2005. October 10, 2005
• Energy Policy Act of 2005 passed overwhelmingly by Congress and signed on August 8, 2005 by the President endorses FIRE if ITER falters. If at any time during the ITER negotiations, the Secretary of Energy determines that the construction and operation of ITER becomes unlikely or infeasible, the secretary shall submit to Congress, along with the President's budget request for the following year, a plan for implementing a domestic burning plasma experiment such as the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE), including costs and schedules for the plan . Posted October 10, 2005
• FIRE, A Test Bed for Advanced DEMO (ARIES) Physics and Plasma Technology. D. Meade May 27, 2005
• Analysis and Simulations of the ITER Hybrid Scenario Charles Kessel presented at ITPA Working Group meeting on Steady-State May 4, 2005
• International Collaborations Dale Meade presented at the Office of Fusion Budget Planning Meeting, March 15, 2005
• Optimization of FIRE Based on ARIES RS/AT IEA Workshop on Optimizing High-Beta Steady-State Tokamaks, at GA Feb 14-15, 2005
• Thoughts on Fusion Development Dale Meade presented at the FPA Annual meeting, December 13, 2004
• High-Beta Steady-State Advanced Tokamak Scenarios for ITER and FIRE, Dale Meade, APS DPP November 15, 2004
• High-b Steady-State Advanced Tokamak Regimes for ITER and FIRE paper presented at 20th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Vilamoura, Portugal Nov 1-6, 2004.
• Creating and Controlling a Fusion Fire in the Laboratory, Dale Meade, presented to the Korean Physical Society Annual Meeting, Jeju Korea, October 23, 2004.
• Next Step Option (NSO) Plans for FY 2005, Dale Meade, presented to the Joint US ITER Project VLT meeting, October 21, 2004
• FIRE, A Test Bed for ARIES-RS/AT Advanced Physics and Plasma Technology, ANS Topical Meeting on Fusion Energy, September 13-16, 2004
• Advanced Tokamak Modes in ITER and FIRE VLT Newsletter August 2004.
• PPPL Open House June 12, 2004
• FIRE Highlights for FY 2003 April 15, 2004
• FIRE Physics Validation Review March 30-31, 2004
• FIRE Burning Plasma Physics Program Research Proposal for FY- 05/06 VLT PAC Meeting March 2, 2004
• FIRE , Exploring the Plasma Physics of an Advanced Fusion Reactor Forum on the Future of Fusion Fusion Power Associates November 19-21,2003,
• Issues for Burning Plasma Experiments and Fusion R&D Metrics APS DPP November 18, 2003,
• Exploring ARIES-like Advanced Burning Plasma Regimes in FIRE 20th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering October 15, 2003,
• FIRE, Exploring Advanced Burning Plasma Regimes at Reactor Power Densities Invited paper at the 4th General Scientific Assembly of Asia Plasma and Fusion Association (APFA) Hangzhou, China, October 13 - 16, 2003,
• FIRE Activities with Emphasis on Technology Needs VLT PAC Meeting September 4, 2003
• Recent Summary of FIRE Objectives and Status May 14, 2004
• Advanced Tokamak Modes in FIRE ITPA MHD Task Group Meeting, St. Petersburg, Russia, July 15, 2003
• Advanced Tokamak Scenarios for FIRE and Alcator C-Mod ITPA Steady-State Energetic-Particle Task Group Meeting St. Petersburg, Russia July 15, 2003
• Advanced Tokamak Regimes in the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE)Presentation (3.7 MB, ppt) Paper (0.5 MB, pdf), Dale Meade and FIRE Collaboration, at the European Physical Society meeting, 30th Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics St. Petersburg, Russia, July 10, 2003 Updated July 14, 2003
• FIRE: Creating and Controlling a Burning Plasma in the Laboratory Dale Meade, Colloquium at PPPL May 21, 2003.(5 MB, pdf)
• Creating and Controlling a Burning Plasma in the Laboratory Dale Meade, APS Spring Meeting, April 5, 2003 (2.1 MB, pdf), without movie.
• Advanced Tokamak Plasmas and the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment Charles Kessel, APS Spring Meeting, April 5, 2003 (1.9 MB, ppt)
• Advanced Tokamak Plasmas and their Control Charles Kessel, Seminar at Columbia University, April 4, 2003 (1.9 MB, ppt)
• ARIES-RS/AT, FIRE and ITER, Advanced Tokamak Regimes (112 kB, pdf) March, 2003
• A Comparison of Unit Costs for FIRE and ITER , Dale Meade, presented at ITER Cost Review Session July 9, 2002 and at Snowmass Summer Study 2002. ( 12 kB, pdf)
• "Multi-Machine" Strategy: The Other Path of the FESAC Burning Plasma Strategy Gerald Navratil, Present to NRC BPAC January 18, 2003 (1.6 MB, pdf)
• Development Path Metrics , Dale Meade also handout of A Diversified International Portfolio Based on FIRE Presentation to FESAC Development Path Panel January 14, 2003
• FIRE Status and Plans Dale Meade, presentation at the Virtual Laboratory for Technology(VLT) Program Advisory Committee (PAC) meeting December 4, 2002.(0.8 MB, pdf)
• Status of FIRE Dale Meade, presentation at the Fusion Power Associates Annual Meeting, December 4, 2002.(2.4 MB, pdf)
• Fusion, FIRE and the Future Dale Meade Seminar at the Naval Research Laboratory on December 2, 2002.(3.2 MB, pdf)
• A Diversified International Portfolio Based on FIRE Dale Meade Public Comment to the FESAC Development Path panel on November 15, 2002 and presented as a poster at the APS-DPP in Orlando, FL on November 14, 2002.
• Exploring Burning Plasmas in FIRE (500kB,pdf) and Exploring Burning Plasmas in FIRE - Talk .(2.5 MB, pdf)
• FIRE, Exploring Burning Plasma Physics Dale Meade presented to the NRC Burning Plasma Assessment Committee, at their first meeting September 18, 2002 (2.5 MB, pdf)
• FIRE at Snowmass Summer Study , talk at the concluding plenary session. July 19, 2002, (1.2 MB, pdf)
• FIRE, at Snowmass final draft of FIRE Plenary talk at the opening session, July 8, 2002. (3.1 MB, pdf)
• Diversified International Portfolio for Magnetic Fusion and FIRE Seminar at INEEL, May 23, 2002 (3 MB pdf). Fusion, A Grand Challenge for Science and Technology presentation to the Idaho Section of ANS, May 23, 2002 (3.4 MB pdf).
• Diversified International Portfolio for Magnetic Fusion and FIRE Discussion at OFES, May 7, 2002 (2.1 MB pdf).
• FIRE, A Potential Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion, presented at Sherwood Theory meeting in Rochester, NY (628 kB pdf) April 23, 2002. The complete session of Snowmass presentations will be posted.
• Exploring Burning Plasma Physics in the Laboratory, presented at Spring APS meeting in Albuquerque, NM (628 kB pdf) April 20, 2002. The complete session of Fusion presentations will be posted.
• FIRE, A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion, presented at 6th International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology at San Diego (2.4 MB pdf) April 10, 2002.The complete collection of FIRE presentations will be posted.
• FIRE Drill at GA. FIRE, A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion Status, Issues and Opportunities (D. Meade, 1.8 MB pdf) and Advanced Tokamak Scenarios for the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (C. Kessel, 1.8 MB pdf) presented to the General Atomics fusion staff, April 9, 2002, LaJolla, CA
• FIRE, Exploring the Frontiers of Fusion Science (D. Meade, 3.1 MB pdf) presented to AST 558 Seminar in Plasma Physics, Princeton University, March 4, 2002
• Exploring the Frontiers of Burning Plasma Science (D. Meade, 2.3 MB pdf) presented to the 19th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE), January 22, 2002, Atlantic City NJ
• Exploring the Frontiers of Burning Plasma Science (D. Meade, 1.8 MB pdf) presented to the 12th International Toki Conference and 3rd General Scientific Assembly of Asia Plasma & Fusion Association, Toki, Japan, December 14, 2001,
• Exploring the Frontiers of Burning Plasma Science (2.4 MB pdf) presented to the plasma seminar at the University of Washington, November 19, 2001. Confining a Fusion Fire, A Grand Challenge for Science and Technology (2.6 MB pdf) presented to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the University of Washington, November 19, 2001.
• Burning Plasmas and the Status of FIRE (2.5 MB pdf) presented to the Fusion Energy Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, November 5, 2001.
• FIRE, An Opportunity to Explore and Understand Burning Plasma Science (2.5 MB pdf) presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS-DPP, Long Beach, CA, November 1, 2001.
• FIRE, Exploring the Frontiers of Burning Plasma Science (2.4 MB pdf) presented at the University of Wisconsin, Engineering Physics Colloquium, October 23, 2001.
• The Modular Strategy for Fusion and The Status of FIRE (2.4 MB pdf) presented at the Frontiers in Fusion Research Annual Meeting of the Fusion Power Associates, Washington, DC, September 25, 2001.
• Transport Issues and Needs for FIRE presented at the International Tokamak Physics Activty (ITPA) Meeting on Burning Plasma Transport, NIFS, Toki, Japan (808 kB pdf) September 10, 2001.
• FIRE, A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion, presented at Large Tokamak Seminar at JT-60U, Naka, Japan (1.6 MB pdf) September 7, 2001.
• Status and Opportunities in Magnetic Fusion (1.3 MB pdf), presented at Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC August 28, 2001.
• FIRE, An Opportunity to Test and Extend Confinement Understanding, D. Meade at Lehigh University (876 kB pdf) August 24, 2001.
• FIRE, The Burning Plasma Physics Element of the Modular Strategy, D. Meade et al presented at the PPPL Research Council (1.2 MB pdf) July 20, 2001.
• “Physics Regimes in the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE)” the paper (148 kB, pdf) and the poster (1 MB, pdf) to be presented at the 28th European Physical Society EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics Madeira, Portugal on June 19, 2001
• FIRE, A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion D. Meade et al presented at the 2nd UFA Burning Plasma Science Workshop (1.2 MB pdf) May 1, 2001.
• “FIRE, A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion” to be presented at Argonne National Laboratory (1.6 MB, pdf) on April 17, 2001
• “FIRE, A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion” to be presented at Los Alamos National Laboratory (1.3 MB, pdf) on April 3, 2001 and “FIRE, Lighting the Way to Fusion” to be presented at Sandia National Laboratory (1.3 MB pdf) on April 5, 2001.
• Presentations at the US-Japan Workshop on Fusion Power Plants on Physics Basis for ARIES-Advanced Tokamak Power Plant (400 kB ppt) and Physics Basis of FIRE Next Step Burning Plasma Experiment Design (1 MB ppt) March 30, 2001, 2001.
• Discussion at the Office of Fusion Energy Science on A Brief History of FIRE (1.5 MB pdf) February 13, 2001.
• Plasma-material Interactions in Current Tokamaks and their Implications for Next-step Fusion Reactors G. Federici, C. Skinner et al (9.8 MB pdf) - background - a comprehensive review paper.
• Resistive Wall Stabilization Collaboration - Columbia University (24 kB, pdf) is under development. January 27, 2001.
• Confining a Fusion Fire, A Grand Challenge for Science and Technology (1.5MB, pdf) to be presented at Columbia University Plasma Physics Colloquium January 26, 2001.
• Fusion Science Issues and Requirements for a Next Step Burning Plasma Experiment ( 724 kB pdf) presented at the UFA Burning Plasma Science Workshop on December 11, 2000 at Austin Texas.
• Burning Plasma Developments ( 80 kB pdf) presented to the Virtual Laboratory for Technology (VLT) Program Advisory Committee (PAC) on December 4, 2000 at UCLA.
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) a paper presented at the 42nd meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics combined with the 10th International Congress on Plasma Physics, Quebec City, Canada, October 25, 2000 (1.1 MB, pdf).
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) Presentation VGs and Invited Paper presented at the American Nuclear Society, 14th Topical meeting on Fusion Technology October 18, 2000 (850 kB, pdf).
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE), A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion Research a seminar presented at the Centre de Researche en Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland October 16, 2000 (VG Summary 1.6MB, pdf).
• Mission and Design of the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) preprint of a paper submitted to the 18th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Sorrento, Italy, October 4-10, 2000 (370 kB, pdf). The program for the IAEA meeting can be accessed at 18th IAEA Fusion Confernce.
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment FIRE on the Mountain , a summary of FIRE written for the Special Snowmass Issue of Comments on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol.2(2), pp81-97, 2000 (144 kB, pdf)
• Engineering Features of the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) a paper presented by R. J. Thome at the 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology, September 13, 2000 in Madrid, Spain (195 kB, pdf)
• Physics Basis for the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) Plasma Facing Components a paper presented by M. A. Ulrickson at the 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology, September 13, 2000 in Madrid, Spain (70 kB, pdf)
• Physics Basis for the Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) a paper by the FIRE Team presented at the European Physical Society Conference on Controlled Fusion June 15, 2000 in Budapest, Hungary (170 kB, pdf)
• FIRE, An Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion was discussed at the Institute for Plasma Physics IPP/Garching Germany on June 19, 2000, at the Department of Controlled Fusion Research CEA/Cadarache, France on June 21, 2000 and at EFDA-JET Abingdon, England on June 22, 2000. (1.4MB, pdf)
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) Dale Meade (1.5MB, pdf) Background for FIRE Physics Workshop May, 2000
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE), A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion Research (1.5MB, pdf) presented at the University of Wisconsin Plasma Seminar April 3, 2000
• Confining a Fusion Fire, A Grand Challenge for Science and Technology (2.4MB, pdf) presented at the University of Wisconsin Physics Department Colloquium March 31, 2000
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE), A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion Research (1.5MB, pdf) presented at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory March 8, 2000
• The Status and Plans for FIRE, A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion Research (1.2MB, pdf) presented to the Fusion Energy Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory February 8, 2000
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion Research (VG Summary 1MB, pdf) presented to the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) on February 3, 2000
• Status and Plans for Next Step Option (VG Summary 0.5 MB, pdf) in MFE presented to Virtual Laboratory of Technology Program Advisory Committee (VLY-PAC), December 15, 1999. Recommendations of the VLT-PAC on the FIRE Next Step Option Study.
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE), A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion Research (VG Summary 1.2MB, pdf) presented at DOE Office of Fusion Energy Science, December 9, 1999
• Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) (VG Summary 1.1MB, pdf) presented at APS Division of Plasma Physics Annual Meeting, November 17, 1999
• FIRE, A Next Step Option for MFE (VG Summary 700KB, pdf) presented at IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering October 27, 1999
• Status of Next Step Option Study on FIRE(VG Summary 600KB, pdf) presented at The Snowmass Fusion Summer Study July 21, 1999
• Transport and Turbulence Science Focus Group Seminar at PPPL(32KB, pdf) August 5, 1999
• Interim Physics Report (300KB, MS Word) Added July 6

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FIRE Physics Workshop

• A Workshop on physics for FIRE was held in May 2000.FIRE Physics Workshop 2000

University Colloquia and APS Division of Plasma Physics Distinguished Lecture

Confining a Fusion Fire, A Grand Challenge for Science and Technology (1.5MB, pdf) to be presented at Columbia University Plasma Physics Colloquium January 26, 2001.

Confining a Fusion Fire, A Grand Challenge for Science and Technology (2.4MB, pdf) presented during the IAP 2001 Open House at MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, January 19, 2001.

 The American Physical Society (APS) Division of Plasma Physics (DPP) sponsors a Distinguished Lecturer Program involving a number of topics at the frontier of plasma physics. You may access information about this progran at APS-DPP

Confining a Fusion Fire, A Grand Challenge for Science and Technology (2.4MB, pdf) presented during the 1999-2000 lecture series.

Educational programs in plasma physics and fusion science can be found at the University Fusion Association UFA web site. Return to Top

Fusion Ignition Research Experiment (FIRE) Feasibility Study (Updated January, 2001)

This feasibility study was a national effort carried out through the Virtual Laboratory for Technology .

• FIRE Engineering Design Report -2001 R.Thome, P Heitzenroeder et al. This report describes the engineering analysis done on FIRE by the National FIRE Design Team. This report describes the NEW FIRE with slightly larger major/ minor radius (2.14m/0.595m) and 7.7 MA/10T that will be discussed at Snowmass. (5.3 MB, bookmarked pdf) Updated January 14, 2001.
• FIRE Engineering Design Report R.Thome, P Heitzenroeder et al. This report describes the engineering analysis done on FIRE over the past 20 months by the National FIRE Design Team. (3.3 MB, bookmarked pdf) Updated November 27, 2000.

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** FIRE welcomes your input on the Next Major Step in Magnetic Fusion Research. **

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Background Information and Reviews of the U. S. and World Fusion Programs

• 2002 Fusion Summer Study at Snowmass
  • Press Release from 2002 Fusion Summer Study , at Snowmass, July 2002.
  • Executive Summary of MFE Study , at Snowmass, July 2002.
  • Preamble for the MFE Presentations , Ned Sauthoff at concluding plenary session. July 19, 2002, (32 kB, pdf)
  • Major Conclusions of the MFE Study , at concluding plenary session. July 19, 2002, (0.4 MB, pdf)
  • IGNITOR , Bruno Coppi at concluding plenary session. July 19, 2002, (0.86 MB, pdf)
  • FIRE, the Movie , Dale Meade at concluding plenary session. July 19, 2002, (15 MB, QuickTime Freestreaming Web Movie) Download the VGs using the next link, and use them to follow the audio from the Quicktime movie.
  • FIRE, An Opportunity to Explore Burning Plasmas , Dale Meade at concluding plenary session. July 19, 2002, (1.2 MB, pdf)
  • The Case for ITER , Karl Lackner at concluding plenary session. July 19, 2002, (1.2 MB, pdf)
  • MFE Burning Plasmas and Innovative Confinement Concepts (ICCs) , Bick Hooper at concluding plenary session. July 19, 2002, (16 kB, pdf)
  • Benefits of a Domestic Burning Plasma Experiment , Michael Mauel at Snowmass, July 16 2002. (0.4 MB, pdf)
  • Benefits of an International Burning Plasma Experiment (ITER) , Ron Parker at Snowmass, July 16 2002. (12 kB, pdf)
  • Comments to FESAC Burning Plasma Strategy Panel , James Callen at Snowmass, July 16 2002. ( 2 MB, pdf)
  • Does a Single Large Facility Imply Increased Risk? , Ron Parker at Snowmass, July 11 2002. (56 kB, pdf)
  • A Comparison of Unit Costs for FIRE and ITER , Dale Meade, presented at ITER Cost Review Session July 9, 2002. ( 12 kB, pdf)
  • Fusion Development Path Scenarios , Farrokh Najmabadi et al, Section 6 from Final Report of E4 Development Path Working Group July 25, 2002. ( 160 kB, pdf)
  • Additional Snowmass Talks MFE and IFE by day.
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Burning Plasma Physics Issues

• Burning Plasma Science (3.3 MB,pdf) an overview presented by Gerald Navratil at the National Research Council Board of Physics and Astronomy meeting April 26, 2002.
• Introduction to Burning Plasma Physics (2.3 MB,pdf) a tutorial presented by Gerald Navratil at the 43rd American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics meeting at Long Beach CA, November 1,2001.
• The Science Frontier of Burning Plasmas (2.3 MB,pdf) presented by Gerald Navratil at the Frontiers in Fusion Research, Annual Meeting of the Fusion Power Associates, Washington, DC, September 26,2001.
• The University Fusion Association Executive Committee issued a statement UFA Technical Policy on Burning Plasma on July 30, 2001. Additional information is available on the UFA website.
• Plasma Material Interaction Issues for Burning Plasma Experiments (1.5 MB, pdf). Mike Ulrickson, presentated to NRC Panel, October 2001
• Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee recommends "The U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Program should establish a proactive U.S. plan on burning plasma experiments and should not assume a default position of waiting to see what the international community may or may not do regarding the construction of a burning plasma experiment." Executive Summary (284kB, pdf) Full Report (1.4 MB, pdf).
• The second University Fusion Association Burning Plasma Science Workshop, BPS II, was held May 1-3, 2001 at General Atomics in San Diego. presentations made at that workshop are now available on the UFA BPS II website. The Summary of the First UFA Burning Plasma Workshop is also available.
• The Fusion Energy Advisory Comittee (FESAC) has received a charge to review burning plasmas. (10 kB, pdf) and appointed a panel to address the charge. Additional information can be found at the FESAC Web site November 22, 2000.
• "FIRE, A Next Step Option for Magnetic Fusion" to be presented at Argonne National Laboratory (1.6 MB, pdf) on April 17, 2001
• FIRE Engineering Design Report R.Thome, P Heitzenroeder et al. This report describes the engineering analysis done on FIRE over the past 20 months by the National FIRE Design Team. (3.3 MB, bookmarked pdf) Updated November 27, 2000.
• Summary of the ITER Final Design Report (5.8 MB,pdf) July 2001 was recently released. Additional information is available at the ITER WWW site.
• The Technical Basis for the Outline Design of ITER-FEAT, background technical material for the Outline Design of ITER, was recently published as part of the IAEA Documentation Series ITER-FEAT Technical Basis (16.7 MB, bookmarked pdf). Additional information is available at the ITER WWW site. February 3, 2001
• Burning Plasma Science-FESAC Two Pager (65KB, pdf) April, 1999
• Burning Plasma Options-FESAC Two Pager (40KB, pdf) April, 1999
• Grunder Panel Report to FESAC (25KB, pdf) January, 1998
• Modular Strategy July 1998 (90KB, pdf) Excerpt from the Next Step Options Report July 1998
• Possible Pathways for Pursuing Burning Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy Development July 17, 1998
• Forum for Major Next-Step Fusion Experiments Summary, (480KB, pdf) Madison, May 1, 1998
• Turbulence May Sink Titanic Reactor Science, December 6, 1996 (104 kB,pdf)
• Build the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor? Physics Today, June 1996
• Fusion at the Crossroads (2.9 MB, pdf), Science, April 29, 1994
• The Magnetic Fusion Advisory Committee Panel XIV reviewed the extent to which compact tokamak ignition experiments can resolve the technical issues of understanding the properties of burning plasmas under a variety of conditions. The MFAC Panel XIV Report (3.5MB, pdf) provides an important background for discussions on burning plasmas. Issued February, 1986, posted November, 24, 2000
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